type of fuel cell It is divided into 5 types, which are popular in different applications, as detailed below.
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- Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
It’s a popular type. and will be used in cars in the future
- Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)
It is the first type that has been created. used to be used in the US space program
- Phosphoric-Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)
It is a system that is likely to be used in small power stations.
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
It is a suitable system to be used in large power stations. because it can produce a lot of electricity There are stability issues, but it has the advantage that The high-temperature steam produced by this process can be used to continue spinning gas turbines This greatly increases system performance.
5.Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
For large power stations It can provide high pressure steam to help generate electricity. And because it operates at a lower temperature than SOFC, it doesn’t require special materials, making the system less costly.
strength
1) Fuel cell efficiency is higher than conventional power generation equipment. because it does not transform energy in the form of heat or combustion
2) It is a clean energy source that does not cause pollution. no fuel burning
3) Easy to maintain and no noise while working.
4) High efficiency and takes up less installation space
5) Can use cheap fuel with fuel call
6) Fuel cell operating at high temperatures can bring the heat generated to generate electricity.
7) Free from noise, vibration because there is no movement of any parts
weakness
1) Difficult to store and produce pure hydrogen have a high cost
2) High cost of production
3) There can be a leak. And hydrogen is easily flammable.
Hydrogen gas storage
Hydrogen can be stored in tanks as liquid, gas or solid as chemical compounds. The storage tank has a large volume. Because hydrogen gas is lighter and has small density at atmospheric pressure In order to store a large mass of hydrogen, it must be compressed at high pressure to reduce the volume of the storage tank.
From the oil crisis to the return of fuel cells
Oil has been compared to “black gold” because it is the lifeblood that feeds every sector of the economy. It is the source of many energies in the world. such as electric power, heat energy, etc., but when there is an oil crisis (Oil is unusually high and scarce) many times, causing humans to find other sources of energy to replace oil. Fuel cells could be one of alternative energy or renewable energy. And what is seen in concrete is many brands of cars. Fuel cell powered cars are already being introduced, such as Toyota and Honda, but only as prototypes or rental cars because hydrogen gas is not available in many countries.
Fuel cell vehicles are sometimes called hydrogen vehicles. Because during use, it must be filled with hydrogen gas. The oxygen gas is used from the environment. Because air contains about 21% oxygen gas.
The advantage of using a fuel cell vehicle is that the vehicle can be driven by an electric motor, powered by a cell similar to that of a battery. The difference is that this type of battery does not need to be recharged, just add hydrogen fuel into the tank like refueling. After that, hydrogen reacts with oxygen as the result of the reaction is water, heat and electricity. This technology uses a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity.
Advantages of fuel cell vehicles
1) No toxic emissions
2) Less maintenance
3) Can be used in very cold weather.
4) High security
5) Travel long distances without refueling.
6) Hydrogenation takes less time.
7) Hydrogen is everywhere and can be used as an energy source as well.
8) The fuel cell is small and lightweight. and efficiency up to 70%
fuel cell efficiency
At present, cars use gasoline as fuel. The combustion efficiency is quite low. Because there must be heat energy out of the exhaust pipe of the engine. This makes it only about 20% total efficiency.
fuel cell vehicles can make it more efficient Because there is no heat loss by releasing hot air through the exhaust pipe like a petrol car. and theoretically can achieve efficiency up to 80%
In the early days, fuel cells were used to generate electricity for submarines. space shuttle and space station Currently, fuel cells are of interest in the automotive industry as a replacement for oil or gas engines. Moreover, fuel cells are a promising new energy source for the world. This is because fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen as precursors in the production of electricity. with this hydrogen and oxygen It is plentiful and readily available, and it is also a power source that does not pollute the air like fossil fuels. Fuel cells and batteries do the same job. is responsible for generating electricity But the fuel cell must have an influx of precursors. and the outflow of the products obtained from the reaction
A single fuel cell produces about 0.7 volts of electricity. In actual use, multiple fuel cells need to be connected in series and parallel to achieve the desired current and voltage. desired
